挂载BTRFS格式的RAID分区到/vol1

1. 初始情况

• 外部磁盘 /dev/sdb1 被标记为 Linux RAID 分区
• 目标：挂载到 /vol1 目录

2. 解决步骤

第一步：识别RAID阵列

# 发现/dev/sdb1是RAID1阵列的一部分
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1

输出显示：RAID1级别，1个设备，UUID等信息

第二步：安装必要工具

# 安装mdadm（RAID管理工具）
sudo apt install mdadm -y

# 安装lvm2（LVM管理工具）
sudo apt install lvm2 -y

第三步：组装RAID阵列

# 创建并启动RAID阵列
sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/sdb1 --force

确认后，RAID设备 /dev/md0 成功创建

第四步：发现LVM结构

# 扫描发现/dev/md0是LVM物理卷
sudo blkid /dev/md0
# 输出: TYPE="LVM2_member"

# 扫描LVM
sudo pvscan        # 发现物理卷
sudo vgscan        # 发现卷组
sudo lvscan        # 发现逻辑卷

第五步：激活LVM逻辑卷

# 激活逻辑卷
sudo lvchange -ay trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165/0

# 查看逻辑卷属性
sudo lvs -a -o name,attr   # 显示已激活

第六步：挂载BTRFS文件系统

# 确认文件系统类型
sudo blkid /dev/dm-0
# 输出: TYPE="btrfs" UUID="a1d7f21b-e2ec-496e-9ab9-131096482595"

# 创建挂载点并挂载
sudo mkdir -p /vol1
sudo mount /dev/dm-0 /vol1

第七步：验证挂载结果

df -h /vol1
# 输出: 466G总大小，310G已用，156G可用，使用率67%

3. 最终架构

物理磁盘 (/dev/sdb1)
    ↓
RAID阵列 (/dev/md0) - RAID1级别
    ↓
LVM物理卷
    ↓
LVM卷组 (trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165)
    ↓
LVM逻辑卷 (/dev/dm-0 或 /dev/mapper/trim_*-0)
    ↓
BTRFS文件系统
    ↓
挂载点 (/vol1)

4. 后续建议（开机自动挂载）

# 添加到fstab
echo "UUID=a1d7f21b-e2ec-496e-9ab9-131096482595 /vol1 btrfs defaults 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

# 保存RAID配置
sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
sudo update-initramfs -u

5. 关键命令备忘

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19045.3803]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\47859109.DESKTOP-6AE8NFQ>ssh [email protected]

C:\Users\47859109.DESKTOP-6AE8NFQ>ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.146.130 (192.168.146.130)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EVrneKtedXDOml//8TBitdf0mzT4RqIJzOpHyPivvW4.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? y
Please type 'yes', 'no' or the fingerprint: yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.146.130' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Linux 272250775 6.12.25-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Kali 6.12.25-1kali1 (2025-04-30) x86_64

The programs included with the Kali GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Kali GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
┏━(Message from Kali developers)
┃
┃ This is a minimal installation of Kali Linux, you likely
┃ want to install supplementary tools. Learn how:
┃ ⇒ https://www.kali.org/docs/troubleshooting/common-minimum-setup/
┃
┗━(Run: “touch ~/.hushlogin” to hide this message)
┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] user 的密码：
Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x57198c16

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 39684095 39682048 18.9G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       39686142 41940991  2254850  1.1G  f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5       39686144 41940991  2254848  1.1G 82 Linux swap / Solaris


Disk /dev/sdb: 465.76 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: SSK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: A1C445DD-CC1F-4491-B6FA-C5F7AEBA5B05

Device     Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sdb1   2048 976773119 976771072 465.8G Linux RAID

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mkdir -p /vol1

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mount -t btrfs /dev/sdb1 /vol1
mount: /vol1: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
       dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.


┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ df -h /vol1
文件系统        大小  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda1        19G  1.7G   16G   10% /

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1
sudo: mdadm：找不到命令

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo apt update
Success

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo apt install mdadm -y
Success

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 7a8da3f6:d4586a5a:de4b0da8:7a4b0ce4
           Name : 258107229:1
  Creation Time : Tue Feb 24 16:33:50 2026
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 1

 Avail Dev Size : 976506880 sectors (465.63 GiB 499.97 GB)
     Array Size : 488253440 KiB (465.63 GiB 499.97 GB)
    Data Offset : 264192 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
   Unused Space : before=263912 sectors, after=0 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : b29a1490:76816d9f:4cde3a21:d0562b35

    Update Time : Sun Mar 15 22:40:01 2026
  Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 264 sectors
       Checksum : b79e955b - correct
         Events : 17


   Device Role : Active device 0
   Array State : A ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities :
unused devices: <none>

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md0 2>/dev/null

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/sdb1 --force
To optimize recovery speed, it is recommended to enable write-intent bitmap, do you want to enable it now? [y/N]? n
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:
       level=raid1 devices=1 ctime=Tue Feb 24 16:33:50 2026
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
    store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
    --metadata=0.90
Continue creating array [y/N]? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdb1[0]
      488253440 blocks super 1.2 [1/1] [U]

unused devices: <none>

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mount -t btrfs /dev/md0 /vol1
mount: /vol1: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
       dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo blkid /dev/md0
/dev/md0: UUID="9C83P3-6INX-5c9g-N9uG-y9wQ-gIDv-cmg8am" TYPE="LVM2_member"

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo pvscan
sudo: pvscan：找不到命令

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo apt install lvm2 -y
Success

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo pvscan
  PV /dev/md0   VG trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165   lvm2 [465.63 GiB / 0    free]
  Total: 1 [465.63 GiB] / in use: 1 [465.63 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo vgdisplay trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               465.63 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              119202
  Alloc PE / Size       119202 / 465.63 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               IhcpjH-D5O0-RKvN-gdtt-dFCb-3h9O-4Lsf7n


┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo lvs
  LV   VG                                        Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  0    trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165 -wi------- 465.63g

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mount /dev/trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165/0 /vol1
mount: /vol1: fsconfig() failed: /dev/trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165/0: Can't lookup blockdev.
       dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo lvchange -ay trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165/0

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo lvs -a -o name,attr
  LV   Attr
  0    -wi-a-----

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ ls -la /dev/trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165/
总计 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   60  3月16日 18:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 3360  3月16日 18:31 ..
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    7  3月16日 18:31 0 -> ../dm-0

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ ls -la /dev/mapper/
总计 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root      80  3月16日 18:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root    3360  3月16日 18:31 ..
crw-------  1 root root 10, 236  3月16日 18:27 control
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       7  3月16日 18:31 trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165-0 -> ../dm-0

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo blkid /dev/dm-0
/dev/dm-0: UUID="a1d7f21b-e2ec-496e-9ab9-131096482595" UUID_SUB="f099bcd6-06a7-4888-872d-fc8a1036e137" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="btrfs"

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo mount /dev/dm-0 /vol1

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ df -h /vol1
文件系统                                                 大小  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/trim_ddc3d274_1c0a_49fe_adf2_18426c9eb165-0  466G  310G  156G   67% /vol1

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ cd /vol1
cd: 权限不够: /vol1

┌──(user㉿272250775)-[~]
└─$ sudo -i
┏━(Message from Kali developers)
┃
┃ This is a minimal installation of Kali Linux, you likely
┃ want to install supplementary tools. Learn how:
┃ ⇒ https://www.kali.org/docs/troubleshooting/common-minimum-setup/
┃
┗━(Run: “touch ~/.hushlogin” to hide this message)
1                                                                                                                       ┌──(root㉿272250775)-[~]
└─# cd /vol1

┌──(root㉿272250775)-[/vol1]
└─# ls
1000  1001  thumb

┌──(root㉿272250775)-[/vol1]
└─# cd ./1000

┌──(root㉿272250775)-[/vol1/1000]
└─# cd ./vol2

┌──(root㉿272250775)-[/vol1/1000/vol2]
└─# cd ./Music

┌──(root㉿272250775)-[/vol1/1000/vol2/Music]
└─# ls | grep 43102826
43102826 - 爱错.mp3
43102826 - 爱错.mp3.md5
43102826 - 爱拼才会赢.mp3
43102826 - 爱拼才会赢.mp3.md5
43102826 - 不败的英雄.mp3
43102826 - 不败的英雄.mp3.md5
43102826 - 超兽武装 .mp3
43102826 - 超兽武装 .mp3.md5
43102826 - 大海航行靠舵手.mp3
43102826 - 大海航行靠舵手.mp3.md5
43102826 - 恭喜发财.mp3
43102826 - 恭喜发财.mp3.md5
43102826 - 黑猫警长.mp3
43102826 - 黑猫警长.mp3.md5
43102826 - 寂寞的人伤心的歌.mp3
43102826 - 寂寞的人伤心的歌.mp3.md5
43102826 - 骄傲的少年.mp3
43102826 - 骄傲的少年.mp3.md5
43102826 - 难得真兄弟.mp3
43102826 - 难得真兄弟.mp3.md5
43102826 - 你看到的我.mp3
43102826 - 你看到的我.mp3.md5
43102826 - 逆态度.mp3
43102826 - 逆态度.mp3.md5
43102826 - 逆战.mp3
43102826 - 逆战.mp3.md5
43102826 - 朋友.mp3
43102826 - 朋友.mp3.md5
43102826 - 奇迹再现.mp3
43102826 - 奇迹再现.mp3.md5
43102826 - 穷开心.mp3
43102826 - 穷开心.mp3.md5
43102826 - 踏浪豪情版.mp3
43102826 - 踏浪豪情版.mp3.md5
43102826 - 踏浪.mp3
43102826 - 踏浪.mp3.md5
43102826 - 天真的橡皮.mp3
43102826 - 天真的橡皮.mp3.md5
43102826 - 我爱这蓝色的海洋 Я люблю это синее море.mp3
43102826 - 我爱这蓝色的海洋 Я люблю это синее море.mp3.md5
43102826 - 我和你.mp3
43102826 - 我和你.mp3.md5
43102826 - 我想要占据你.mp3
43102826 - 我想要占据你.mp3.md5
43102826 - 希望有翅膀和羽毛.mp3
43102826 - 希望有翅膀和羽毛.mp3.md5
43102826 - 阳光彩虹小白马.mp3
43102826 - 阳光彩虹小白马.mp3.md5
43102826 - 夜航星.mp3
43102826 - 夜航星.mp3.md5
43102826 - 一路生花.mp3
43102826 - 一路生花.mp3.md5
43102826 - 英雄主义【军乐版】.mp3
43102826 - 英雄主义【军乐版】.mp3.md5
43102826 - 英雄 .mp3
43102826 - 英雄 .mp3.md5
43102826 - 月亮船.mp3
43102826 - 月亮船.mp3.md5
43102826 - 再飞行.mp3
43102826 - 再飞行.mp3.md5
43102826 - 这里是神奇的赛尔号.mp3
43102826 - 这里是神奇的赛尔号.mp3.md5
43102826 - 最后一页.mp3
43102826 - 最后一页.mp3.md5
43102826 - 左手右手.mp3
43102826 - 左手右手.mp3.md5
43102826 - Legends never die.mp3
43102826 - Legends never die.mp3.md5
43102826 - Never Any Distance.lrc
43102826 - Never Any Distance.lrc.md5
43102826 - Never Any Distance.mp3
43102826 - Never Any Distance.mp3.md5
43102826 - the wellerman.lrc
43102826 - the wellerman.lrc.md5
43102826 - the wellerman.mp3
43102826 - the wellerman.mp3.md5
43102826 - what a day.mp3
43102826 - what a day.mp3.md5
43102826 - Пробуждение света.lrc
43102826 - Пробуждение света.lrc.md5
43102826 - Пробуждение света.mp3
43102826 - Пробуждение света.mp3.md5